Surface condenser.



PATENTED OUT. 15, 1907. L.-R. ALBBRGER. SURFACE CONDENSER. APPLIO ATION FILED JULY 28, 1904.

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PATENTED' OCT. 15, 1907.

R. ALBERGER. I SURFACE CONDENSER APPLICATION IiLED JULY 28, 1904.

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M n 6 Q Q PATENTED OCT. 15, 1907.

L. R. ALBERGER; SURFACE CONDENSER. APPLIOATION rum) JULY 28, 1904.

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No. 868,890. 'PATENTED 001 .15, 1907. L. R. ALBERGER.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28. 1904.

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Uwmcmco MM 0/ M SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 28, 1904.

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LOUIS R. ALBERGER, OF NEW YORK,

N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO ALBERGER CONDENSER COMPANY,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., .A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 15, 1907.

Application filed July 28, 1904. Serial No. 218,444.

To an whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Louis B. ALBERGER, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surface Condensers,

of-which the following is a specification.

. My present invention relates to the condensation of exhaust steam from engines, steam turbines, and other similar steam motors and to the production of a vacuum by the use of the dry vacuum system, the invention beingparticularly applicable to that class of apparatus known as surface condensers in which the condensation is effected by the contact of the steam with Water-cooled surfaces.

'The object of the invention is to promote the efiiciency of condensers by providing asurface condenser having a .very high efliciency; and furthermore to furnish a condenser of high efficiency suitable for location under a steam engine or steam turbine of which it may constitute the supporting base oi frame.

In a surface condenser the highest efficiency can besthe obtained by bringing the exhaust steam and commingled air intothe condenser at or near the bottom, and bringing the circulating water in at or near the top of the condenser,'and causing the circulating water to pass through horizontal tubes exposed to the steam, and

causing the water of condensation to gravitate against the incoming steam and air, the air being removed at or near the top of the condenser by means of a dry 3 Q vaguum pump. There are situations, however, where it is not convenient to introduce the exhaust steam into the bot-tom of the condenser, as for instance, in the case of a steam turbine, where to economize floor space and to make the connections as short as possible, the con- 3 5 denser may be placed below the turbine and may even form the base on which the turbine rests.

The inventionthcrefore consists essentially in the combination of a form of surface condenser in which the steam and eornmingled air enter above, come in contact 40 with tubes containing cooling water, by which the steam is partially condensed, and in which form of con denser the steam, air and water of condensation travel in the same direction,- with a form of surface condenser in which the steam' and commingled air enter below, pass upward and come into contact with tubes containing cooling water until the steam is entirely condensed, the water of condensation falling against the steam, and the air being rmnovcd above, or at or near the top of the condenser by adry vacuum pump. The cooling water may enter at or near the top of the latter form of combination, lml ving at or near the bottom, and enter the first form of the combination at or near the bottom and leave at or near the top; or it may pass in two passes, first through the latter form and then through the first form,

or in four or more passes, two or more times through each form of condenser making up the combination; or it may flow in parallel passes separately through each. form of the eondenser.

It is obvious that the steam may not enter exactly at the top nor pass exactly in a vertical direction in either of the forms but may pass obliquely or laterally; the object of the invention is, however, reached when the steam entering at or near the top of the condenser is completely condensed into water which comes into contact withthe steam before beingiremoyed, and when the air is cooled by tubes containing cool water immediately before being removed by the dry vacuum pump. The invention consists furthermore in combining the two forms of condensers first referred to in one structure, or. in connecting together two or more sections or divisions so that they will jointly, act like a single unit; and also, the invention-comprises various details in g the construction, arrangement and combination of parts substantially as hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawingsillustrating my in vention, Figure l is a front elevation of a steam turbine supported on my present. improved surface condenser, the latter serving as a base for the turbine and being shown in transverse sectional view. Fig. 2 is a top plan viewof my improved surfacecondenser with the steam turbine removed. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section with a portion in eleyation. I Fig. 4 is a top plan view of another form of my improved surface condenser. vFig. 5 is a cross-section of the same. is a. cross-section of still another form of the invention. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section on the line a; x of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a crosssection of another form of the invention. Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same on the line 2 z of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a crosssection of one form of the invention, and shows in a diagrammatic way the location and arrangement of the vacuum pump, the circulating and the hot well pumps.

Similar numerals of reference designate similar parts throughout the different figures of the drawing.

A denotes a steam turbine, the detailed construction of which is not shown, as it is not necessary. This turbineis given simply by way of example in order to illustrate how my improved condenser may serve as the supporting base therefor. It' will be understood, however, that I am not restricted to any par-- ticular type of steam generator, but my condenser is adapted to be used with'all kinds of steam motors.

The frame of the condenser in the particular embodiment of the invention delineated in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings consists of two parts, sl1ells,\sectious, chambers, or divisions, l and which are connected together by steam passages 3; 3 and a water passage 6,

Fig. 6

for any number of passes for the water. With the particular arrangement specified, however, it will be obvi-. ous that the tubes 17 and 19, located in the top steam inlet chambers of these duplicate condensers of which we are speaking, will consist in part of tubes belonging to the pass of the water from chamber 28 to chamber 29, and in part of tubes belonging to the pass of the water irom chamber 30 to chamber 28; and furthermore that Qilf: tubes 18 and 20, located in the bottom steam inlet chambers will consist in part oftubes extending between chamber 30 and chamber 28. and in part of tubes extending from chamber 28 to chamber 29. The two upper chambers 29 are connected together by a water pipe provided with an inlet 26 (see Fig. 4), and the two lower chambers 30 are connected together by a water pipe provided with an outlet 27. (See Fig. 5.)

The circulating water which enters at the inlet mouth 26' flows first into the two upper terminal chambers 29 and thence through the tubes running from chambers 29 to chambers 28, which tubes will obviously be some of the tubes 17, the upper portion of them, and some of the tubes 18, the upper portion of them; and also through some of the tubes 19, the upper portion of them, andsome oi thetubes 20, the upper portion of them, to the opposite ends of the shells 13 and 14, where the water will enter the chamber 28, whence itreturns'through the remainder of the tubes 17 and 18 and 19 and 20 t0 the lower terminalchambers 30 and has an outlet from the condensing apparatus through the eduction mouth 27. Thus it will be seen that the tubes 17 and 19 which occupy the top steam inlet chambers 31 and 33 are progressively warmer from top to bottom, for the tubes in the lower portion of these chambers 31 andv 33 belong to the second pass of the water and when making this second pass it has been warmed to a certain extent; while the tubes 18 and 20 which occupy the bottom steam inlet chambers 32 and 34 are progressively cooler from bottom to top, since the lower part of tubes 18 and 20 belong tothe second pass of the water, while the upper portion belong to the first pass; it being observed thatjthe partitions 15 and 16 so divide the tubes thatthis very desirable and novel result is attained] Steam irom the turbine, A enters the shell 13 through the opening 21'and the shell 14- through the opening 22 and comes first int contact with some of the tubes 17 and some of the tubes 19,.whieh being connected to the chainhers 29 and bcionging to the first pass of the water are the coldest; and the steam courses downwardly in con tact with the tubes and. around the lower edges of the partitions l5 and 16 until it reaches the tubes 18 and 20 and flows upwardly in contact therewith; the water of condensation falling back into the bottom of the shells 13 and 14 while the air passes upwardly and out: through the opening 35 in shell 13, and 36 in shell 14, the air being withdrawn by a vacuum pump as indicated in Fig. 12. The water of condensationialls to the bottom oi ,the shells l3 and 14 and goes out thence.

-.th rough the outlet pipes 23 having a connection 24,

which has a coupling 25 which connects with a hot well pump. Here then the circulating water in each of theseduplicato condensers enters at or near the top of the condenser, passes in one :lireceion and then back and leaves at-the bottom. It may, however, when the two condensers operate and act as one, pass first through the second section or the one in which the air is cooled before -'the particular arrangement set forth in Figs. 4 and 5, it

exit, and then through the initial section, or the one into which the exhaust steam and air first enter, or it may pass more than once through each, or either in series or multiple, the main object being to bring the air and the last portion of the steam into contact with the coldesttubes, and to cause the water of condensation to be heated by the exhaust steamv to a temperature closely approximating that of the incoming exhaust steam before theremoval to the atmosphere. And in will be noted that the bottom steam inlet chambers 32. and 34 contain, near their top, some of the coldest tubes which are situated close to the eduction openings 35,} I

and 36 for the air, so that the air is brought into contact with the coldest tubes before being withdrawn, and furthermore the steam heats upthe water in the bottom of the two condensing shells so that when the water leaves the condensers it very closely approximates in temperature that of the incoming exhaust steam.

In Figs. 6 and 7, substantially the same construction and arrangement of parts obtains as in Figs. 4 and 5, with the exception that'in lieu of the inclined'division plates 15 and 16 I employ vertical plates 15 and 16 which lie parallel to the side walls of the condenser shells l3 and 14 and which direct and guide the movement of the exhaust steam, first toward the bottom and then upwardly in like manner asit is guided by the plates 15 and 16, the water of condensation being rejmoved from the bottom of the shells 13 and 14 by the pipes 23* having a coupling 25 by which connectionis made with the hot well pump, and the air being removed through the openings 35and' 36 under the action of the vacuum pump as is the .case in Figs. land 5.

Thus in Figs. Sand 7, there are duplicate condensers having practically the same construction and each consisting of two chambers in combination, one chamberhaving a, top steam inlet and the other having a bottom steam inlet, so that the water of condensation may be heated up to as high a temperature as possible possible before it is withdrawn.

In Figs. 8 and 9,1 have delineated another for-moi beforeremoval, while the air may be made as cold as the invention. 56 denotes the condenser shell containing three nests of water-cooled tubes, 57, 58 and 59, which nests are situated in'vertical series; that is to 1 10 say, are horizontal nests. At one end'of'the shell 56 are the two water chambers 60 and 61, and at the other end of the shell are the two water chambers 62 and 63-. The nests of tubes 57, 58 and 59 connect with these end chambers in the usual'manner, andthe'circulating water'follows the'course indicated by the arrows in, Fig'. 9, it having three passes through the condenser. The shell 56 is of cylindrical form, and the exhaust" inlet 64, instead of' beingdirectly on top is arranged laterally at the top, thus showing a;slightmodification from the form of inlet indicated in the other figuresof the drawing,'but with no change in function or purpose, for it is an upper or top steam inlet. '-'The shell 56is provided withan inner radial inclined partition 65 which divides the shell into two chambers, an upper 1 25 one having a top steam inlet, and a lower one having a bottom steam inlet. The shell 56, furthermore, has the outlet 66 for the water of condensation, the outlet 67 for the air, the water inlet 68 and the water outlet 69. a

In Fig. 10 I show a cross-section of a condenser shell suitable pipe leading from the air outlet nozzle 67 to;

the vacuum pump 75, by means of which the-cooled air is withdrawn'from' the condenser shell. Obviously the pumps 71, 73 and 75 may be constructed, each of r them, after any approved and desired pattern or'type,

and I do not'wish to be restricted to any particular design. The outline form which I delineate in Fig. 10

v is offered simply by way of example, and in order to explain the connection of one form of pump for the "performance of the function attributed to each.

v l'ziaving thus described my invent; m, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a'surfnce' condenser for the condensation of exhaust steam and the production of a vacuum, the combinatlon of a chamber having an' inlet at or near the top for the admission of exhaust steam, in which chamber the exhaust steam, the air commingled therewith and the water of condensation all travel in a downward direction, .a chamber-having an inlet at or near the bottom for the admission of exhaust steam-'in-which chamber the exhaust steamand theair comminglled therewith both travel in a reverse direction to that or the water of condensation, and condensing surfaces in. the chambers, some of the surfaces being 'colder than the others and means for introducing the cooling water first into the upper part of the cohdensemall arranged so that the air may be brought into contact with the coldest surfaces in the second chamber before removal and the water of condensation into contact with the hottest surfaces and with the exhaust steam before removal. x

2. In a surfaeemondenser for the condensation of exhaust steam and the production of a vacuum, said condenser having horizontal tubes containing cooling water, said tubes arranged in groups or nests some of which are colder thanthe others and those, nearest the top receiving the cooling water first, the combination of a chamber having an inlet above for the exhaust steam, in which chamber the exhauststeum, the air commingled therewith and the water of condensation all travel together in the same direction, with}! chamber having an inlet for the exhaust steam below, in which chamber the exhaust steam,

and the air commingled tl1crewith.both travel in a reverse direction to that of the water of condensation, the coldest tubes in the second chamber being contiguous to the point where the air is removed, so as to bring the air into contact with said coldest tubes before removal and the water of condensation into contuct'witb the exluiust steam bcfore romovul.

ii. in u surfucc condenser, the combination with a steam inolor. of n buso therefor comprising condensing apparatus corislstlng' essentially of divisions or chambers having horizontal tubes containing: cooling water. one of said cliumbersbcing u lrmsloalu-inlcr chamber and another being a bottomstrum-inlet chamber, menus for dividing these chambers from cnch other so that the c haust steam may puss readily from one to the other, said means directing the steam uwuy from the outlet for the air, moans for causing wufcr circulation through the tubes. uud menus for \vil'lulrawim: the Mr from {be con-- denser in such :1 manner that the air may be brought into contact with the coldest" surfaces bcfon removal and the water of condensation maybe brought into contucl with the hotiosl surfaces and with tho exhaust si'cum before removal,

-i. in a surface condenser, the combination with a steam motor, of a base therefor comprising condensing inlet above for the exhaust steam, in which chamber the exhaust steam, the air commingling therewith-and the water of condensation all. travel together in the same direction, and a second chamber uhich receives the exhaust steam below from the first chamber, in which second chamber the exhaust steam and the air commingled there with both travel in a direction the reverse of that in the first chamber, condensing surfaces in the two chambers varying as to coldness, means for dividing the chambers from each other, said means directing the steam away from the outlet for the air, all being, arranged so that the apparatus consisting essentially of a chamber having an "air may be brought into contact-with the coldest surfaces before removal and the water of condensation intocontact with the exhaust steam before removal.

5. In a surface condenser. the combination of an uppersteam-inlet chamber in which the exhaust steam, the air commiugled therewith and the water of condensation travel in the same direction, a lower-steum-inlet chamber in which the exhaust steam and-the air commingled' therewith. travel in one direction and the water of condensation in another direction, horizontal tubes in said chambers arranged in nests or groups, some colder than the others and the coldest first receiving-the circulating water, together with means for introducing the circulating wa'ter first into the upperpart of the condense1"-, al1 arranged so that the air is brought into contact with the coldest surfaces before removal, ahd the water of condensation with the exhaust steam before removal.

6. In a 'surfnce'condenser having horizontal tubescon taining cooling water of a section in which the exhaust steam enters above, in combination with another section in which the exhaust steam enters below after leaving the .first section, while'the circulating water enters above,

and the air separated from the exhaust steam is removed above, so as to bring the air in contact with the coldest tubes before removal while the, water of condensation is brought in contact with the hottest tubes.

7. Ina surface condenser for the condensation of exhaust steam and the production of a vacuum, a condensing chamber containing tubes for the cooling water and ,provided at or near the top with an exhaust inlet, in

combination with a second condensing chamber containing I cooling tubes for the cooling water and provided with an exhaust inlet at the bottom through which steam is transferred from the first chamber, and provided also with an'air outlet at or near the top, and means for first introducing the circulatin water into the upper part of the condenser. so that some of the coldest tubes may be in the second chamber adjacent to the air outlet, in order that the air may be brought into contact with said cold tubes before removal. p

8. In a surface condenser for the condensation of ex haust steam and the production of a vacuum, a condensing chamber coutaininga water-cooled surface, in which chamber the exhaust steam and water of condensation travel in the same direction, and the inlet for the exhaust is above, in combination with :1 second condensing chamber also containing :1 water-cooled surface and receiving steam from the first chamber, in which second chamber the exhaust stcum'entcrs below and travels in a reverse direction. and in the upper part of which is an flllZ'OllililT. a water inlet for the clrculutim. tutor in the upper part of the condenser, said wutcr-coolcdsurfaces being colder in some parts of the condouscrihuu in others, accordingly as they are related to the water inlet. nnd thc'uir outlet being contiguous to the coldest of said surfaces.

9. In n surfnce condenser, the combination of :1 topsienm-inlct chamber, a bottom-stcum-iulct clmmbcr, moans -for dividing the clmmbcrs'iroin each other so that the exhaust steam may puss readily from our lo the other. snid means directing the steam away from tho outlcl for tho air. horizontal \\'utcr-coolcd iubcs and menus for cousin;- :1 water circulation through said tubes, and moans for withdrawing the air from the coudcnscr at or hour the point where "he cooling \vufcr first enters the tubes.

10. in :1 surface condenser, :1 shell having a slcum iulcl' at or near the top and an air exit at or near l'bo lop separate from the steam inlet, in combimll tiou directing; the steam away from the air exit and dividing the shell into two communicating chambers, and tubes ion with n pail-ii plate or wall-directing the steam away from the exit of the away from the opening for the exit of the air, a con and a hot well pump to remove the, water of condensation.

'away from the air exit and first downward and then up the water of condensation, and :1 dry vacuum pump to rearranged in nests ln said chambers, in one of which chamhers the steam, the commingled air and the water of con densation travel together in the same direction, and in the other of which the steam and the commingled air travel in a direction opposite to that of the travel .of the water of condensation.

11, In a surface condenser, a shell having a steam inlet, an air outlet, and a water outlet, in combination ngith means for dividing the shell into two chambers, 'Sifid means directing the steam away from the air outlet, one of which chambers receives steam from above and in which 'the steam, the commingled air and the water of condensation travel in the same direction, and the other of which chambers receives steam. from below and in which the steam and the commingled air travel in reverse direction, tubes arranged in groups or nests in said chambers, the coldest group being adjacent to the air outlet, 21 dry vacuum pump for, removing the air from the air outlet, and a but well pump to remove the water ot'lcondensation.

12.I in a surface condenser, a shell having a steam inlet at or near the top and an air exit at or near the top sepa rate from the steaminlet, in combination with a partition directing the steam away from the air exit and dividing tlieshell into two chambers, and tubes arranged in nests in said chambers, in one of which chambers the steam, the conimingled air and the water of condensation travel in, the same direction, and in the other of which thesteam and the commingled air travel in a reverse direction, a circula ting pump for causing the cooling water to how through the tubes, a vacuum pump for removingihe air,

13. in a surface condenser for the condensation of exhaust steam and the production of a vacuum, a shell having a steam inlet at or near the top, in combination with a division plate or wall directing the steam away from.-the air exit and sending it first downward and then upwardila hot well pump to remove the water of condensation; and a' condensing surface which is coldest where the circulating water first enters it, the entrance being first from above, and an air outlet adjacent to the coldest part of the cooling surface, so that the air may be brought into'contact therewith before removal.

14. In a surface condenser for the condensation of exhaust steam and the production of a vacuum, a shell. having a steam inlet at or near the top, in combination with a division plate or, wall directing the steam first downward and then upward, said plate dividing the shell into two chambers, in one of which the steam passes downward and in the other of which it passes upward, and the nests of tubes in said chambers whereby the cooling water makes the requisite number of passes through the condenser, the nest into which the circulating water is first introduced being at the top and the coldest and being located contiguous to the point 'where the air is removed from the condenser.

' 15. In a surface condenser for the condensation of ex-' haust steam, a shell havinga steam inlet at or near the top, and an air exit at or near the top separate from the steam inlet, a division plate or wall directing the steam ward, condensing surfaces the coldest of which is at or near the top near the air exit, a but well pump to remove move the air. I t

16. In a surface condenser, a shell having a steam inlet at or near the top, an air exit at or near the top and a water outlet at the bottom, in combination with a division air and causing it to how first downward and then upward, nests of water-cooled tubes situated at both sides of the division plate, a hot well pump to remove the water of condensation, a dry vacuum pump to remove the air, and a circulating pump to cause the cooling water to flow through the tubes.

17. The combination with a surface condenser having anexhaust steam inlet at or near the top, an air exit at or outlet, of a partition or wall deflecting the steam first (lensing surface having itscoldest part nearest to the air introducing the cooling water first into the upper part of i the condenser.

: 18. in a surface condenser, the combination of a chamber admitting exhaust steam above, a second chamber admitting exhaust steam below, means for dividing the chambers from each other so" that the exhaust steam may pass readily from one to another, groups or nests of watercooled tubes arranged longitudinally in said chambers and parallel thereto, means for introducing the circulating' water into the tubes first at or near the top and causing it to circulate through the dififerentnests, and ad air exit situated in the shell of the condenser contiguous to some of the-coldest tubes. i

19. In a surface condenser, a shell having a steam inlet partition directing the steam away from the air exit and dividing the shell into two communicating chambers, and

tubes arranged'in nests in; said chambers, said tubes being placed longitudinal of the chambers and parallel to the partition,ltogether with means for introducing and circulating thegcooiing water through the tubes, said air exit being contiguous to the coolest group of tubes.

20. In a sur face condenser, a shell having a steam inlet at or near the top and an air exit at or near-the top separate from the steam inlet, in combination with a partition directing the steam awayfrom the air exit and dividing the shell into communicating chambers, nests of tubes in said chambers, which tubes are parallel to the partition, means for causing circulating water to enter the tubesabove, so that the air may be brought into contact with the coldest tubes before removal-and the water of condensation-with the hottest tubes and with the exhaust steam before removal,

21. In a surface condenser, a shell having a steam inlet and anair exit separate from the steam inlet, in combination with a partition directing the steam awayfrom theair exit and dividing the, shell into two'communicating chambers, and tubes arranged in nests in said chambers,

said tubes being longitudinal in the chambers and parallel to the partition, together with means for introducing and circulating the cooling water through the tubes the entrance for the cooling water being first into the upper part of the condenser, said air exit being contiguous to the coolest group of tubes.

22. In a surface condenser, the combination with a steam motor, of a base comprising condensing apparatus consisting essentially of a chamber having an inlet above for the exhaust steam, in which chamber the exhaust steam, the air commingled therewith and the water of condensation all travel together in the same direction, and a second chamber which receives the exhaust steam below from the first chamber, in which second chamber removal and means for introducing the cooling water first into the upper part of the condenser.

23. In a surface condenser, the combination of an uppersteam-inlet chamber in which the exhaust steam, the air commingled therewith and the water of condensation travel in the same direction, a lower-steam-inlet chamber in which. the exhaust steam and the air commingled there with travel in one direction and the water of condensation in another direction, horizontal tubes in said chambers arranged in nests or groups, some colder than the others and the coldest first receiving the circulating water from above, all arranged so that the air 'is,brought into contact -with the coldest surfaces before remowal. Y 24. In. a surface condenser, the combination with a steam motor, of a base comprising condensing apparatus consisting essentially of divisions or chambers having horizontal tubes containing cooling water, said divisions or chambers primarily receiving the exhaust steam and air commingled therewith at or near the top of the condenser-and which provldean exit for the' air separate from the exhaust steam-and the air commlngled therewith both 15 the steam,at or near the top ot" the condenser, while the removal of the waterof condensation is below, and means for introducing the cooling water first to the Euppcr part i 5 of the condenser.

25. In a surface condenser, the combination with a steam motor, of a base comprising condensing apparatus for the condensation of exhaust steam and the production of a vacuum, consisting essentially of a chamber having 1 0 an inlet above for the exhaust steam, in which chamber the exhaust steam, the air commingled therewith and the water of condensationali travel together in the same direction, and a second chamber which receives the exhaust steam below from the first chamber, in which second chamber one to the other, said means directing' the steam away from the outlet for the air, and means for introducing the cooling water first to the upper part of the condenser.

Signed at New York city this 26th day of July 1904.

LOUIS R. ALBERGER. Witnesses:

' JOHN H. HAZLE'LON,

I. Hmmme.-

travel in a directlon the reverse of that in the first chamber, condensing surfaces ln'the tyyo chambers varying as to coldness, means for dividing tiie chumbers from each other so that the exhaust steam may pass readily from 

